and (3) the Israeli Hebrew use of Meshichyim (“Messianic”) as a substitute for Nozrim (“Christians”), the term “Messianic Jew” took on a broader meaning in the late twentieth century. Consequently, today many people use the term “Messianic Jew” to refer to any “Jewish believer in Yeshua,” whereas the historic term connotes a Jew who believes in Yeshua and continues to live as a Jew as a matter of covenant, calling, or national duty before God. Similarly, many people now use the terms “Messianic Jewish,”